Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart - The Downfall of the Ibo Essay

One of Chinua Achebes goals in Things Fall Apart is to portray Ibo culturevividly and honestly. Unlike European perspectives of the Africans such as Conrads oculus of Darkness Achebes representation explains intricate customs, rituals, and lawsand develops individual characters. Things Fall Apart shows Ibo society to be fullyfunctioning and full of life. However, Achebe maintains his objectivity and avoidsgiving the Ibo all undue sympathy, painting some of their customs such as themandatory abandonment of infant twins in a questionable light. While it is flaccid for us especially in this age of political correctness and multiculturalism to place upon thewhite man all the blame for the downfall of the Ibo, Achebe does not make the government agencyso simple. In fact, it is the acquiescence of his comrades, not the intrusion of theEuropeans, which eventually causes Okonkwo to take his own life. Thus, it is difficult toplace the Ibo and the white men into traditional categories of good and evil, for apieceexhibits positive and negative qualities. Although the Ibo certainly possessed a lively,stable society before the Europeans arrived, their internal struggles contributed to theirown demise.DEVELOPED CULTUREThroughout the novel, Achebe offers detailed illustrations of the impressiveness of Iboculture. Many episodes do not directly advance the plot, but rather serve to provideexamples of this culture. One of the most significant signs of the development of Iboculture is its governance of laws and justice. A whole chapter describes the proceedings asegwugwu (important clansmen who dress as village ancestors) determine the verdict in awife-beating case (87). The villagers are not dense enough to believe... ...ld do if the missionaries brought militaryreinforcements. In any case, if Ibo society can be compared to a tragic hero, its irrationalbeliefs would be its tragic flaw. It was these beliefs which directly alien members ofsociety, such as Nwoye, Nnek a, and the osu, and created a rift within the Ibo. While suchbeliefs and customs are certainly evidence of the depth of Ibo culture, their irrationalbasis could not withstand the white mans defiance of them, as shown by the churchssurvival in the Evil Forest. Ironically, it is these beliefs the presence of a brotherlystructure, the development of a religion which not only show the richness of Iboculture, but also lead to its downfall.Works CitedAchebe, Chinua. An Image of Africa Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness. An Introduction to Literature. Terry, Joseph. New York, NY Longman, 2001.

Deregulation of the Electrical Industry :: essays papers

Deregulation of the Electrical Industry The roots of modern day regulation can be traced all the way back to the late(a) 1800s and found in the form of antitrust. By the beginning of the 20th century, the U.S. government had formed the interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the railroad industry, and shortly thereafter, many a(prenominal) other regulatory commissions were founded in the transportation, communication, and securities fields. The main goal of these regulatory commissions was to create a reasonable rate structure that would be appealing to both producers and consumers. tour this system has worked for many years, it has recently come under heavy criticism, with many people pushing for open competition among electric power producers. Although once believed to be an impossible proposal, competition among electric power producers is finally a reality in a few areas. Massachusetts is just one state where order implemented to create competition among electric po wer producers is not only favored by the people of the state, merely has also impartd significant rate reductions as well. The attempt at regulating price in the electric industry is a troublesome one. The objective is not only to minimize the cost to consumers, exclusively also to create a rate structure that will entice the electric go with to remain in the industry. The regulatory commission wants the electric company to have a reason to innovate so that they will be able to provide cheaper power in the future. However, if the commission captures all gains from innovation in the form of lower prices, then the electric company has no incentive to undertake any type of innovation. Therefore, a compromise must be reached which would provide adequate incentives for firms to undertake cost-reducing actions while at the same time ensuring that the price for consumers is not exorbitant. The term regulation refers to government controlled restrictions on firm decisions over price, quantity, and inlet and exit. Each factor of an industry must be regulated for producers and consumers to truly benefit. The control of price does not mean setting one fixed price, but rather entails the creation of a price structure for purchasing electricity during peak and non-peak times. The control of quantity refers to the governments attempt to control the amount produced or in this case the amount of electricity produced. For example, in the electric industry, it

Essay on Imagery, Language, and Sound in Whats That Smell in the Kitch

Imagery, Language, and Sound in Whats That comprehend in the Kitchen?         Marge Piercy is an American novelist, essayist, and poet best know for writing with a trademark feminist slant. In Whats That Smell in the Kitchen? Marge Piercy explores the way women are sometimes held in low esteem by men through the look of a tired housewife who has had it with her monotonous day- to-day duties. In this poem, it is not stated that the speaker is a homemaker, but the reader is told virtually one woman in particular who is meant to express the feelings of women as a whole. The author conveys this central idea through imagery, figurative language, and devices of sound.   In the first lines of Whats That Smell in the Kitchen? the author makes her point that women are burning dinners all over America. This gives us a general idea of what the poem will be about, all the same it makes us want to read on to see why this would be happening in other words, it triggers our curiosity. The author goes on to describe foods that are ballpark to certain cities in the United States, bringing about a very gustatory and olfactory image in the mind of the reader. Following this, the author uses repeat to emphasize her introductory statement yet again, and adds an additional phrase, . . . women are burning/food theyre supposed to bring with calico/smile on platters glittering alike wax. This statement is somewhat ironic, because it conveys an image of a very false woman, something like a mechanical doll or robot, or even like the perfect model mom figure of June Cleaver of the television series Leave it to Beaver. Not only do we picture a woman in an forestage with an artificial smile but Piercy alludes... ...ch can be interpreted as Once I was first-rate with all the trimmings but now Im wage-earning junk. Spam is a cheap processed meat whereas roast duck is assumed to be one of the best meats there is therefore she has been cheapened or degrade by the lack of gratitude on the part of her spouse, and society. She is expressing the fact that society expects women to play the role of little wife with no concern for the individuals own interests. Also, the woman in the poem is comparing her drive to food, and since this poem is image-laden with war and food, we can say that Piercy is writing of a war with food, where women are using food as their direct weapon against men  (the way to a mans heart is through his stomach) It is in this way that Piercy develops her view that women are the lesser gender in the eyes of men and shares her refusal to conform.  

French and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essay examples

French and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Africa is home to countless cultures that all make their own unique ideas and customs. During the past couple of centuries, these cultures were threatened to the point where they almost ceased to exist. The Berlin Conference was a real important occurrence in Africa and europiums history. It legitimized what the European powers, in the main France and Britain, had been doing for the past hundred years, without the approval of any African country. During the late nineteenth century, France and Britain began imperialistic ventures into Africa, which eventually light-emitting diode Leopold II to conquer the Congo. It was Leopolds II presence in Africa that to led the Berlin Conference. The Berlin Conference took place first and foremost to legitimize what was already taking place in Africa (Berlin). Africa had recently experienced the European countries greed. The British and the French, on with a few other European nations , had started to carve up Africa however they pleased. By 1880, about half of the coastal countries saw some type of European presence (Wessling cover). The French began to take control of Algeria and part of Gabon and Senegal. The British occupied much of Southern Africa and parts of the western coast. Until 1884, no one could encroach upon knowledgeable Africa. Before this, the imposing countries had mainly concentrated on the coasts. By 1884 there was road connecting the Congo River to the coast, and the remain European powers wanted in a slash of the action. The disagreements that resulted from this sudden urge to conquer Africa were what made the Berlin Conference so important (Part IV). Many reasons beyond the unambiguous also existed. The Berlin Conference was ... ... to an African nation. Works Cited Bennett, Norman. Africa and Europe From Roman Times to National Independence. New York Africana Publishing Co, 1984. Berlin, Conference of. Vers. 3. 1994. The Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.encyclopeida.com>. Bismarck, Otto Von. Vers. 3. 1994. The Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.encyclopeida.com/>. Hugon, Anne. The geographic expedition of Africa from Cairo to the Cape. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1991. Part IV Anti-Colonialism & Reconstruction. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline4.htm>. Sempell, Charlotte. Otto Von Bismarck.New York Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1972. Wessling, H. H., Divide and Rule The Partition of Africa, 1880-1914. Westport Praeger, 1991. French and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essay examplesFrench and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Africa is home to countless cultures that all have their own unique ideas and customs. During the past couple of centuries, these cultures were threatened to the point where they almost ceased to exist. The Berlin Conference w as a very important occurrence in Africa and Europes history. It legitimized what the European powers, mainly France and Britain, had been doing for the past hundred years, without the approval of any African country. During the late nineteenth century, France and Britain began imperialistic ventures into Africa, which eventually led Leopold II to conquer the Congo. It was Leopolds II presence in Africa that to led the Berlin Conference. The Berlin Conference took place first and foremost to legitimize what was already taking place in Africa (Berlin). Africa had recently experienced the European countries greed. The British and the French, along with a few other European nations, had started to carve up Africa however they pleased. By 1880, about half of the coastal countries saw some type of European presence (Wessling cover). The French began to take control of Algeria and parts of Gabon and Senegal. The British occupied much of Southern Africa and parts of the western coast. Unt il 1884, no one could encroach upon inner Africa. Before this, the imposing countries had mainly concentrated on the coasts. By 1884 there was road connecting the Congo River to the coast, and the remaining European powers wanted in a piece of the action. The disagreements that resulted from this sudden urge to conquer Africa were what made the Berlin Conference so important (Part IV). Many reasons beyond the obvious also existed. The Berlin Conference was ... ... to an African nation. Works Cited Bennett, Norman. Africa and Europe From Roman Times to National Independence. New York Africana Publishing Co, 1984. Berlin, Conference of. Vers. 3. 1994. The Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.encyclopeida.com>. Bismarck, Otto Von. Vers. 3. 1994. The Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.encyclopeida.com/>. Hugon, Anne. The Exploration of Africa from Cairo to the Cape. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1991. Part IV Ant i-Colonialism & Reconstruction. 5 Mar. 2000 <http//www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline4.htm>. Sempell, Charlotte. Otto Von Bismarck.New York Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1972. Wessling, H. H., Divide and Rule The Partition of Africa, 1880-1914. Westport Praeger, 1991.

Population: The Growing Problem Essay -- Science Biology Papers

Population The Growing Problem History of Earths PopulationFrom the beginning of metre until 1850, the initiation population had been steadily growing until it finally reached the point of one billion people. Hurray for our species, we are successful and have been able to make adaptations in order to put out Then, only 80 years later, the world population doubled to a whopping 2 billion citizens. After that, the doubling time was sliced at a time again. By 1960, just thirty years later, three billion people called Earth home. Seventeen year later, in 1977, the world population hit intravenous feeding billion people. In 1986, nine short years later, we reached a population of 5 billion inhabitants. Sometime in the next few years, we are sounding at crossing the 6 billion mark (Davidson 1995). The notion, debate, and warning behind overpopulation is nothing new. The theologian Tertullian, in 200 CE, wrote, What most frequently meets out berth (and occasions complaint) is our tee ming population. He continued by exclaiming that the global population numbers are burdensome to the world, which can hardly support us. At the time of this statement, the global population totaled a mere 190 million people (Lambert 1995). In 1798, Thomas Robert Malthus, possibly one of the best-known writers and debaters of overpopulation, wrote an essay authorise Principle of Population. In this composition, Malthus suggested that humankind was, currently and forever more, playing a hopeless game of population vs. natural resources. This game, he continued, would end with a long number of humans losing the battle. Malthus presented this doomsday scenario of global overpopulation as closely connected with famine and starvation. His belief was that human po... ...9). World population and development. New York Syracuse University Press.Ireland. The 1996 grolier multimedia system encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Danbury Grolier, 1996.Lambert, T.A., Olin, J.M, Abernethy, V.D., Barroso, C., Se n, G. (1995). Women and population. Environment, 37, 3. Sanger, M. (1931). My fight for birth control. New York Maxwell Reprint Company. Sax, K. (1955). The worlds exploding population. Boston Beacon Press. Scanlon, M. (1997, September). The new population bomb. Mother Earth News, 163, 48.Wattenberg, B.J. (1997, November). The population explosion is over. The New York clock Magazine, 60-63. Wilson, E.O. (1992). The diversity of life. Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. World-wide web 1 United nations population fund moves day of six billion based on new population esitmates. 30 October, 1998.

Population: The Growing Problem Essay -- Science Biology Papers

Population The Growing Problem History of Earths PopulationFrom the beginning of season until 1850, the world state had been steadily growing until it finally reached the point of one billion people. Hurray for our species, we be successful and have been able to make adaptations in fellowship to survive Then, only 80 years later, the world population doubled to a whopping 2 billion citizens. After that, the doubling time was slit once again. By 1960, just thirty years later, three billion people called Earth home. Seventeen year later, in 1977, the world population prepare four billion people. In 1986, nine short years later, we reached a population of 5 billion inhabitants. Sometime in the next few years, we are looking at crossing the 6 billion mark (Davidson 1995). The notion, debate, and warning behind overpopulation is nothing new. The theologian Tertullian, in 200 CE, wrote, What most frequently meets away view (and occasions complaint) is our teeming population. He cont inued by exclaiming that the global population numbers are burdensome to the world, which can hardly support us. At the time of this statement, the global population totaled a mere 190 million people (Lambert 1995). In 1798, Thomas Robert Malthus, possibly one of the best-known writers and debaters of overpopulation, wrote an raise entitled Principle of Population. In this composition, Malthus suggested that humankind was, currently and forever more, playing a hopeless game of population vs. natural resources. This game, he continued, would end with a vast number of humans losing the battle. Malthus presented this doomsday scenario of global overpopulation as closely connected with famine and starvation. His belief was that human po... ...9). World population and development. pertly York siege of Syracuse University Press.Ireland. The 1996 grolier multimedia encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Danbury Grolier, 1996.Lambert, T.A., Olin, J.M, Abernethy, V.D., Barroso, C., Sen, G. (1995). Women a nd population. Environment, 37, 3. Sanger, M. (1931). My fight for birth control. New York Maxwell Reprint Company. Sax, K. (1955). The worlds exploding population. Boston Beacon Press. Scanlon, M. (1997, September). The new population bomb. Mother Earth News, 163, 48.Wattenberg, B.J. (1997, November). The population explosion is over. The New York Times Magazine, 60-63. Wilson, E.O. (1992). The diversity of life. Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. World-wide web 1 United nations population fund moves day of six billion based on new population esitmates. 30 October, 1998.

Virtual Child Ages 11-16

Maureen Gillespie PSY 206 Dr. Greenspan Montgomery County Community College April 15, 2013 Assignment 2 Adolescence is defined as the transition between childhood and adulthood. Many changes happen at this stage. Adolescence involves things such as puberty, greater independence, and a time when someone begins to construct their idiosyncraticity. Identity means their life value and goals including a secure sense of who they atomic number 18 in terms of sexual, vocational, and moral ethics. In the next few paragraphs I will be discussing my Virtual Child, Maeve as she went through with(predicate) with(predicate) adolescence (ages 11- 16).I am going to delve into the different changes I saw in her and how they relate to theories proposed by Piaget, Erikson, Marcia, and Gardner. Each theory deals with development through adolescence and will befriend give a better understanding of this time in Maeves life. According to Piaget, around age 11 young people enter the formal operatio nal stage. Here they develop the capacity for abstract, systematic, scientific thinking. Whereas concrete operational children can operate on reality, formal operational adolescents can operate on operations. They can come up with new, more general logical rules through reflection, rather than just using concrete things as objects of vista. (p. 301). Formal operational pattern invokes verbal reasoning about abstract concepts. Adolescents doing things such as physics are examples of their operating within this stage. Maeve always did well in her math and cognition grades scarce, by 10th grade she was very enthusiastic about physics. She even went and entered one of her science projects into a county-wide science fair. Maeve has also taken, and done well, in ruse since the 7th grade.At age 14, Maeves English class required she submit a poem into a school-wide contest. Maeves poem took home first place in the contest, and her clip was placed in a state-wide contest. Her proceed on art and poetry were reflections of her inner odours and were not just focused on concrete objects. As Maeve grew cognitively through this stage of her adolescence, she also went through a great deal of emotional and social change. These changes were obvious to us as her parents. These changes were signs that she could think logically and scientifically and was trying to put it all together to form her own identity.Identity is defined as a well-organized conception of the self, consisting of values, beliefs, and goals to which the individual is solidly committed. Erikson was the first to recognize identity as the major personality achievement of adolescence and as a crucial step toward becoming a productive, content adult. (p. 314) Identity is planted in an individual early in life, but it is not until late adolescence and early adulthood that people really take on the task and delve into distinguishing their own identity.By age 12, Maeve began to argue with us over little th ings such as clothes, bedtime, and household chores. These werent things we usually argued over, in fact we rarely argued at all, but as she changed emotionally, so did our arguments. She would talk frequently about what is and isnt fair. Her moral development was forming as she started to differentiate her thoughts like this. As Maeve progressed through adolescence, she continued to baffle morally and socially, but remained relatively easy going and well-behaved. She did well in school, saved her money, and was involved in afterwards school activities.By the time she was 16, these actions proved she was responsible, and after practicing with me, she went for her driving test. She was just like any former(a) teenager who wanted to hang out, go shopping, and drive around. But, she still always checked-in with us and was rarely late. She had begun to find her identity through independence and was doing well. Maeve was involved with sports and was interpreting happily ahead on her path towards college. But, late in 11th grade, Maeve started to change for what could have been the worse.She had quarrels with girlfriends, engage in a few senseless pranks, and began to date boys. At one point, as an act of defiance, she ran off with her boyfriend and they both got matching tattoos. During the times when she was feeling down, she wouldnt talk much, but always knew she could. But, when Maeve was ready to talk, she was confident in herself and what she stood for. mend her decisions werent always that irresponsible, we still found that we didnt always watch with her. But for Maeve, she seemed to know she was in a trial and error phase of growing up and had to see what worked for her.We had to let her develop that. Much like Maeves trial and error phase, Eriksons theory of identity versus role confusion explains psychological conflict of adolescence. This theory states that this conflict is resolved positively when adolescents achieve an identity after a period of exploration and inner soul searching. If a young persons earlier conflicts were resolved negatively or if gild limits their choices to ones that do not match their abilities and desires, they may appear shallow, directionless, and unprepared for the challenges of late adulthood. p. 314). Maeve luckily didnt make many choices that were resolved negatively. These social and emotional changes werent always easy for the rest of the family to deal with, but they were a part of her growth. With us there to provide nurturing support, she was able to develop her own healthy identity after her period of soul searching. Researchers commonly evaluate progress in identity development on two key criteria derived from Eriksons theory. These two criteria are exploration and load. Marcia yielded from this, four identity statuses. These four statuses are identity achievement, identity moratorium, identity foreclosure, and identity diffusion. Identity moratorium is exploration without commitment t o value, foreclosure is commitment in the absence seizure of exploration, and diffusion is an apathetic state where you dont commit or explore. The following example shows how Maeve does not fit into either of these categories. As you know from anterior examples, Maeve explored many social and behavioral changes in her adolescence. One conversation sits with me the most. I had a conversation once with Maeve after she was off the school bus in about 10th grade.She described a situation where she had a conversation with a good friend, heard her friends values, didnt agree, and respectfully listened maculation providing feedback as necessary. She came home to tell me all about her values and how she didnt openly or rudely oppose her friend just because her friend thought differently than she did. She also didnt change her own values because of this. This is a perfect example of identity achievement which is defined as a commitment to values, beliefs, and goals, following a period of exploration. Maeve stayed true ith these beliefs, stayed on track with her goals in life, and is all set to go to the college of her dreams, because that is what she values. In looking at adolescence it is important to look at how they develop their intelligence. Howard Gardner developed a theory about various intelligences. He articulated seven criteria for a behavior to be considered intelligence. These were that the intelligences showed 1. Potential for wittiness isolation by brain damage, 2. Place in evolutionary history, 3. Presence of core operations, 4. Susceptibility to encoding (symbolic expression), . A distinct developmental progression, 6. The existence of savants, prodigies and other exceptional people, 7. Support from experimental psychology and psychometric findings. Gardner chose eight abilities that he held to meet these criteria spatial, linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. I believe that Ma eves highest intelligences are logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, and interpersonal. She excels in her school work and is involved in higher level physics than that of her grade level.She participates in science fairs and enjoys using her mind to solve problems. She has always been a social flirt and enjoys the outdoors. While she did play an instrument for some time, she didnt enjoy it and wouldnt be considered the musical type. While she is coordinated when playing sports, she has more than once ran into the nut cans while backing out of our driveway which would make me say she is not of the spatial intelligence. I also would consider a weaker intelligence for her to be linguistics. While she is intelligent it is not her strongest suit, as she isnt the most eloquent speaker.In conclusion, there are many factors that come into play when a child is growing through adolescence. They change emotionally, spiritually, mentally, and physically. All of this is to work towards gai ning a sense of self and identity to carry with them through adulthood. By taking the time and letting your child go through these phases with your background support, you are preparing your child to take on their world. References * Berk, L. E. (2010). Exploring lifespan development. (2nd ed. ). Illinois Pearson College Div.

Is evil learned or innate behaviour? Essay

Evil is often mistaken to be innate behaviour, but in reality plague is erudite. The definition of evil is someone or something that is morally bighearted or wrong wicked. It can besides be defined as a sin. Evil is learned by other people and it can happen to anyone. It can involve situations the likes of, family problems, like divorce, or the community where one grows up in can have a major effect on a mortal. It is learned when an individual has a temper and yells at another person or uses physical abuse towards them. When a child is first born into this world they do not already have evil inside them, it is learned by their surroundings, as they grow older. young children are sweet, innocent babies who dont level know what evil is. When newborns are raised over time and live in a disallow surrounding, they can easily learn how to be evil.Evil can be learned at any age, it doesnt matter if youre young or old. An example of a child act evil is watching his/her parents go through with(predicate) a divorce. Situations like this has a major effect on children, it tallys questions to their passing game like Was it my fault? Kids will start to feel insecure and they might get themselves into the wrong things like drugs. They would turn to bad things for help because they are ruling insecure. If it is an adult watching their parents go through a divorce then they can probably get a better understanding of it and why it is necessarily. But, even those who are getting the divorce can turn to things that can make them learn to be evil, by hanging out with different people and turning to alcohol and drugs. Things like this shows how evil is not innate and is learned.In todays society there are many parts of communities that dont have a good reputation and involve kids who deal drugs and do drugs. A person can easily get caught in the wrong separate and do the wrong things, this can bring someone to learn to be evil. This doesnt just happen to communities that look bad and live in poverty, this also happens in communities that seem to have a good reputation. Drugs are everywhere in this world, but the only way one can get through it is by saying no, this can help someone not become evil.Family and the surroundings around a person can bring someone to learn how to be evil. If there is any type of abuse in the household it can teach a person to be like that, whether it is physical, verbal, or emotional abuse, this can also bring someone to learn evil. Television also has a big role in a person learning evil. A great example is shown on TV. If you have ever seen a show called The Simpsons, the baby, Maggie, shows to be an innocent little child until she learns to do bad things to others, which is shown on a certain program on television. This is a perfect example that shows how evil is not innate behaviour, but is actually learned.Therefore, through examples of todays society and through television evil is all around the world in ever y community, whether its family or not. Evil is learned and is not innate behaviour.

Remote Access Control Policy: Richman Corporation

Authorization Rules Controls will be configured to ensure bother is approved for only company/corporate employees. These controls will be set up based off of the position (job roles) of the employees to ensure they can only access what is necessitate to allow them to perform their duties. The policy will include group social rank policies as well as authority-level policies. The employee access will be assigned to the appropriate groups and authority- level policies.Identification Rules Employees of Richmond Corporation will be effrontery an employee naming number. Every employee will have a key badge as well in order to enter their construction and/or floor if the building contains elevators. The unique employee ID number will be engrained into the employee badge and will be characterd to allow employees access the corporate system. Authentication The key badge given to each employee will be used to allow access and authenticate that employee.An initial temporary password will be applied to each employee logon schooling and require the employee to change the password on first login. The policy will be set up to ensure that the employees create strong passwords and are required to change their passwords every 60 to 90 days. Employees at higher levels who have access to sensitive information may also be required to use two-factor authentication such as fingerprint biometric access to get into rooms and buildings and/or simply login to their computer system.PIN numbers will be used to access server rooms. Token will be issued to provide access remotely to allow for secure logins. Accountability Richmond Corporation IT department will persist in record of Log Files to be able to see who has logged into the system and when. The IT department will ensure they keep back-up files of required resources. They will apply access controls apply different levels of restriction and access. Multiple security controls will be in place. There will be a policy for media disposal as well.

Employee Diversity Assignment Essay

The most fundamental of the definition of employee mixture ar focus on race, gender, nationality, age. According to (Nancy R, June 2005), fast technological change, globalization, the demand for skills and education, an aging fiddleforce and great ethnic diversification in the labor market turn out greatly influenced the arrangement of diversity today.Todays definition of employee diversity includes race, age, ethnicity, gender or personality and work style, secondary influence such(prenominal) as religion, socioeconomics and education. Nowadays, employee diversity is very population the work bottom. It has advantages as well as accompanied by the disadvantages. 2. goods of employee diversity to the constitutions 2. 1. Advantage of Language diversity In the organization if the employees are speaking different languages, it may bring some benefits to the organization.For example, in the one friendship if the staffs speak not just now one language, when the phoner need som e staff to go overseas to join some meetings or do some inspections and research. So the company can only pick up some staffs that can speak those countries languages and send them for the meetings or inspections instead of find out some translators or counterbalance spend money to hire some consultants. It really can save the expenditure for the company. Nowadays, if a company want to be succeed, it really need to be able to better integrate into this world and excessively need to broaden their horizons.The employees are the main force of the company their performances are really affecting the companys future. The employees language diversity can help the company to explore more overseas markets and make them more competitive. 2. 2. Advantage of sex activity diversity Gender diversity likewise has its own advantages for organization. In an era, people change their ways of thinking the gender diversity in the work place. They realized that not only men can do every work in the w ork place. Now, women are becoming more and more important in organization. Nowadays women have the skill set for the new competitive demands of technical work.Companies agree that they need more technical leaders with varied skills such as interpersonal skills and note skills. 93% of technical leaders in a survey indentified the building of collaborative networks in an organization as a crucial component of leaders (White, B, 2006). Women have the skills to meet the new demands of technological work both in terms of technical and interpersonal skills (Tray, L, 2007). Of course interpersonal skills are really necessary in the organization it is very useful and helpful for running the organization.All those show that women are indeed more suitable for certain parts of organization. These are also the advantages of gender diversity. 2. 3. Advantage of Age diversity Age diversity has its own advantages in the workplace. Nowadays in the work place, there are umpteen different age lev els of workers. One part of them is old workers. More and more old workers in the work place are the current trend. Because now, people are retiring much later in life than before and their careers are extended in the present day.According to the research by United States division of Labor shows that between 1977 and 2007 workout of workers 65 and over increased 101 percent, compared to a much smaller increase of 59 percent for total employment (16 and over). For those older workers they all worked long time in the work place, definitely they got more experience and acquaintance than the young age workers. Those of them can transfer knowledge and experience to the new workers. It can help the organization save the expenditure for sending the new workers for training.And the old workers experience can help the new workers distract some greenness mistakes. In the other hand, nowadays in the work place there are also many young age workers. They also can bring the benefits to the organization. Compare with older workers, younger workers are more creative and innovation. They can help the organization to make better decision and ameliorate problem solving (Harvey, Carol P M. June Allard, 2012). Nowadays, if the organization wants to remain competitive, it should encourage the staff to distribute a variety of ideas which leads to higher levels of innovation.This part of workers is really a new vitality of organization and they can help organization to keep up with the pace of the times. 3. The problems of employee diversity Consider the employee diversity in the work place. at any rate the benefits, there are many problems come out as well. And all these problems may lead to loss for the organization. Below two problems are very common in the work place. 3. 1. Communication problem Communication barriers leave alone lead to problems in the organization. For example, if a manager gives instructions about completing a designate to a staff.But this staff fail s to fully understanding the instructions because of the language barrier. And then the staff may make mistakes if he tries to complete the task without receiving wrap up or even dont know what the task it is. This problem will cause the delay of the task complete or even fail. It will really cause the losses for the company. And if during a team work, the staffs have communication problem. It will affect the efficiency of work and sometimes it will affect the relationships of the teammates.And also because of the employees may come from different countries, so they may have their own work styles and behaviors and those situations also can cause communication problems among the employees. And finally affect the organizations benefit. 3. 2. Gender inconsistency problem Gender discrimination is another very common phenomenon in the work place. According to the traditional thinking, women have been considered intellectually inferior to men and men are more capable than women at work. Thus, in the workplace, under the resembling conditions men will get going more opportunity to be promoted than women.Same as in the management level, womens suggestion and ideas sometimes will be ignored or unaccepted. Above phenomenon have also can led to the lack of teamwork and inefficiency work. And this is also a reason of pay-gap between male and female workers. Sometimes the gender discrimination even happened in the recruitment. During the consultation men really get high chance to get the job than women. According to a survey conducted by the center for Womens law and wakeless services of Peking University in 2009 (Womens Law and Legal services, 2009).This survey researched 3,000 female employees over one years time and got the results by analyzing information interviewed some women employees. According to employers set different criteria in recruitment and women have to have excellent performance than their male competitors in interview to get the same job. More th an 1/3 of those women said that male employees are easy to get promoted and priority is always given to male employees. This is fully illustrated gender discrimination really happened in the work place and it becomes a big problem in the workplace. . Solutions to the problem of employee diversity Regarding the problems of employee diversity in the work place, we need to get some solutions to avoid or solve them. In case of these problems damage the interests of organization.Solution to communication problem ? Training Employees could be provided proper training to collect in certain language courses if they have language barriers. They also need to be trained how to use the organization internally information system such as telephone system, e-mail system. Set a SOP for staff to check the work has been access properly Communication problem always caused by misunderstanding and ambiguity and finally lead to loss for the organization. The organization leaders can set some SOPs for st aff to make sure the work and information has been implemented properly. In the SOPs may include the instructions of work process and double check procedures. 2. Solutions of gender discrimination ? Set the germane(predicate) regulation of gender discriminations Make sure the employee handbook includes anti-gender discrimination policies.Create clear examples of gender discrimination to clarify any questions employees may have. And organize the staffs followup and test regularly. ? Put reflected box in the work place In the organization it can be set the reflected box in the work place to encourage and promote the staff to reflect any problems especially the gender discrimination. Once the phenomenon happened, the organization should resolve it quickly and given the appropriate punishment. 4. Conclusion The employee diversity is a reflection of a present trend of this times. Diverse work teams can bring high value and benefit to organizations.

Corporate Tax Act Essay

The resolution stipu late(a)d that any overpayment of salary disallowed as a subtraction by the IRS would be repaid to the Osprey Corporation. In late 2010 during an audit by the IRS, $200,000 of Patricks compensation, and $150,000 of Dans compensation were recharacterized as constructive dividends. This was done because the salaries were strand to be excessive. Reg 1. 162-8 states excessive compensation will be disallowed to the jackpot and treated as a constructive dividend to the shareholder.Because the agreement to the resolution was in place prior to their salary payments, the repayments were legally enforceable under state law. As stated by Hoffman, Raabe, Smith and Maloney the constructive dividend serves as a substitute for actual distributions and is usually intended to accomplish some tax objective not available through the use of direct dividends. Alternatively the shareholders may be seeking benefits for themselves while avoiding the recognition of income(2012, 5-16).B ecause the resolution did contain a repayment furnish it should reduce the effect of the constructive dividends on Dan and Patrick. b. Issues A corporation cannot take a deduction from the constructive dividend, and the shareholder must report the amount of the constructive dividend on their tax return. The IRS will recharacterize an item that has been deducted on the corporeal tax return to a non-deductible dividend. Constructive dividends are double taxed, first on the corporate level and again at the shareholder level. This characterization results in the IRS denial of the deduction on he corporate level. To determine how the repayment by Dan and Patrick should be treated for tax purposes we must determine whether the repayment can, or should be treated as a deduction or as a credit. c. raillery In 162, it states compensation is deductible only to the extent that it is reasonable and is in fact payment purely for services. In a case similar to Dan and Patricks situation involv ing excessive compensation, Vincent E. Oswald v. Commissioner, 49 T. C. 645 (1968), the court found the repayments to be a deductible expense.In this case the question was whether, under section 162 of the Code, the officers are authorize to a business expense deduction for the calendar year 1968 for the salaries repaid by them to the corporation (Vincent E. Oswald. 49 T. C. 645 (1968)). The Section 1. 162-1 of the Income Tax Regulations provides, in part, that ordinary and necessary expenditures like a shot connected with or pertaining to the taxpayers trade or business are deductible from gross income as business expenses (Rev. Rul. 69-115, 1969-1 CB 50 IRC Sec(s). 162).According to the case, the court found that a deduction for ordinary and necessary business expenses would be allowed. If Dan and Patrick sought a credit for the repayment of the taxes, the relief provision contained in IRC section 1341 apprize that a taxpayer may reduce its current years tax by the amount of t he extra taxes paid by having to include the income in a prior year. The requirement that a taxpayer be entitled to this deduction has two subsets. One, there must be a deduction as the result of the restoration of income, and two, the deduction must occur under a code section other than section 1341. In a federal case Van Cleave v.

Our aim is to investigate how much quicker Essay

Aim- Our aim is to investigate how much quicker a answer exceeds if the blistering we use of goods and servicess strength goes up, and also to see if thither is a pattern which could be carried on to high strength acids.Background Science- chemic reactions play a very important part in our life, almost even keep us alive (the process of our digestion system is a serial of chemical reactions which convert food into chemicals which can be to a greater extent(prenominal) easily used by our bodies), other circumstances where chemical reactions are used in our bodies that cut down the amount of acid in your stomach, there are also chemicals in washing powder for removing stains by using chemicals c on the wholeed enzymes which speed up the breakdown of the chemicals in stains.All chemical reactions happen at various speeds, such as chemicals in fireworks which react very fast, within seconds of the firework universe lit the reaction is over. Slow chemical reactions could be such things as the ripening of cheese so it can mature over time. Some adhesives we use require two chemicals to be mixed depending on the amounts used it could make the glue harden speedily or slowly. Some reactions happen slowly whereas some happen very fast. The name in which we measure a speed of a reaction is called a Rate Of Reaction.It can be heedful in two ways, either the order in which peerless of the products is enhanced, one of the products that is produced is gas, you can measure gas in a syringe or in a upturned burette. Another method that can be used is recording mass of the reactant, (how much the mass has added to its weight of lost). The mass could be put down every thin and could be writdecade like this, 1. 0g/60secs. Variables- We had four variables to choose from, Temperature, Concentration, Surface area/Pressure and Catalyst.If we were to use temperature we would measure how much quicker the reaction would go if the acid and calcium were heated together, b ut we would urinate to keep the temperature at a constant heat as it wouldnt be a medium test if the reactants were getting hotter and colder. If we were to use a catalyst it would be used to speed up the reaction, but this would be unfair because we wouldnt be able to measure how much extra speed is being put in by the catalyst.Or we could change the surface area of the reactant, this would give the acid much of a area to act on, to measure this we would have to weigh the calcium first then expose it to the acid for a certain time and then motor it out and weigh it, making sure we use the same concentration of acid each time to make it a fair test. We decided to use Concentration, for this we would change the strength of concentration each time and take a volume of gas that is given attain every ten seconds.From choosing the variable Concentration we can measure the rate of gas that is being given of, this could be useful because we could work out how much gas per minute is b eing given off, from that we can then predict how much gas is being given off for any time you need to find. Prediction- I think that as the strength of the acid goes up the rate of reaction will go up. Collision Theory- I think this will happen because the higher the strength of the solution the more particles there are in the solution, which means more collisions more frequently.The acid will hit the calcium carbonate, if there is enough energy in the acid the calcium and acid will react together to give off Carbon Dioxide. The more the particles collide the prompt they react. I have made a predicted graph, leavening what I think the graph will look like. I have drawn in the lines of outdo fit showing the steepness of the line. This diagram shows how the acid particles collide with the marble chip to give off a gas. Method- Set up setup as shown above. 1. Measure out desired amount of marble chips. 2.Measure out desired amount of hydrochloric acid 0. 25 mole first, then when all experiments with 1 mole have been completed go onto 0. 5 mole then 1 mole then 1. 5 and finally 2 mole. 3. take up up the water bowl. 4. Fill measuring cylinder with water up to 100 ml. 5. Holding hand over the top of the measuring cylinder quickly turn it upside down and place it under the water (as shown above). If the water comes out refill the cylinder and try again. 6. Place tube so one end is coming up in the cylinder under water. 7. Put the marbles in the chronicle flask. 8.Pour in the hydrochloric acid and quickly attach the top with the tube coming out of it into the chronicle flask. 9. Decide at what time you will measure how much gas is given off. We decided to take a reading every 10 seconds, we also decided to start taking the readings at 30 seconds. You measure how much gas is given off by the water dropping in the measuring cylinder. E. g. 10 mls given off in the first 30 seconds. 10. Take these readings for 100 seconds using a stop watch to be precise. I am goi ng to take 3 repeats, I am doing 3 because I can get a fair average from these 3 results.From the averages I will plot a graph to compare the different strength acids. Analysis- (Graphs). From my graphs I clearly show the variable of different strengths of acids. As I used higher strength acids, the time in which the gas was produced got much faster. As the acids get stronger the lines become more inline. Whereas the 0. 5 points were all over the place. From my results I can see that my prediction was correct I think that as the strength of the acid goes up the rate of reaction will go up.I could see that from my results the strength of acid went up and the speed it took to make the gas went down. This links to the collision theory, that is that as the strength of the acid went up there were more particles to collide on the marble, which meant that more gas was given of due to more particles in the small mixture. The higher the strength of acid the more accurate the results became, we can see this because the range bars get smaller as the strength of the acid gets stronger. From the predicted graph I can see a difference in the results graph.The 1 mole strength acid has taken longer than the 0. 5 mole acid to produce the gas. I will explain the possible reasons for this more in my evaluation. Evaluation- The main difficulty we faced was with the 2 mole strength acid because it reacted so fast we barely had time to read the times precisely. This may have meant we had unfair results. The main anomalous results were the 1 mole results, because from the information we have (collision theory) it tells us that it is stronger than the 0. 5 mole which means it should be lower than on the graph than 0. 5. But it isnt.This may have been because the results were read wrong, the acid we used may have been slightly too strong or the marble chips we used may have been smaller which means it is easier for the acids to break down. To improve the accuracy we could use a burett e, which are far more accurate than a measuring cylinder or a gas cylinder. Gas Syringe Burette Computer selective information collectors are a very accurate way of registering the time, also if you were to use a camera recorder so you could look back at it and waver it when it got to the times when you needed to record a time.The results would never be the same because sometimes the measurement of marble chips maybe slightly more or less, or the accuracy of reading the time would be slightly out etc. As I said earlier in my investigation the results seemed to become more reliable as the strength of acid went up. Although it should be less accurate to measure the time as the acid strength went up it seemed to be more accurate. James Lane 11N Rates Of Reaction Investigation.

Fast Food Feast †Mcdonald’s Versus Whataburger Essay

Operation and Supply chain management (OSCM) is one of the foundations that successful businesses count on to provide a competitive benefit within their industry. The goal of OSCM is to develop and maintain a system that efficaciously and efficiently manages the flow of raw material resources into put onful end outputs for consumer use (Chase, 2006). In the fast food industry this butt on takes center stage in maintaining competitive pricing. A review of the production demonstrate in cardinal matter chains, Whataburger and McDonalds, showcases each chains approaches to OSCM.Observed Production Processes McDonalds restaurant places its focus on quick turnaround eons for efficiency and cost savings. McDonalds mission statement is to be our customers favorite place and way to eat. By lowering the unit cost per item and establishing a customer flow adjoin that increases the volume of units sold, McDonalds can maintain its dollar mark menu items and low prices (McDonalds, 2012). The production process of McDonalds is straightforward and all McDonalds follow the same process with employee training via videos on customer serve up and the food prep process.The restaurant makes use of sophisticated technology and prepackaged pre-cut produce to reduce prep durations. from each one shift has certain cleaning tasks to complete to maintain the food prep argona and safety standards. (McDonalds, 2012). Whataburger The focus at Whataburger is on freshness and a burger it takes two hands to hold. The mission statement is the same as it originally was to serve a burger so big that it took two hands to hold and so smashing that with one bite customers would say, What a burger (Whataburger 2012). Whataburger uses the latest technology but preserves the importance of the customer and made to order food.Identify the customer expectations for the service and product McDonalds The customer expectations for McDonalds be based on speedy service and good prices. The fast f ood chain has a value menu with items for one dollar during all meal times. Customers expect quick delivery of their meal whether they drive through or dine inside. Whataburger Whataburger patrons expect a big burger that is made skilful for them when they order it. composition time of delivery does matter, the experience is more about getting a large burger just the way they want it. Consumers where be not as concerned about a dollar menu.Seven Major Questions How ar in-store orders taken? The McDonalds fast food chain has multiple cashiers where orders be placed face to face and entered via computerized cash registers. The cashiers transmit the orders electronically to a screen in the food prep area, with in store orders are determine from drive through orders. Once the order has been completed, the cashier clears that order when the customer is handed the food. Whataburger also uses electronic screens in the food prep area that give the order information from the cashier a t the counter.Orders are numbered and the customer is given a number to place on his or her table. Whataburger actually has an intermediate waiter who delivers the finished order to dine in patrons at their tables and offers condiments for their meal. Are the hamburgers prepared to order, or are they prepared ahead of time and delivered from a storage put in? McDonalds hamburgers are arctic patties to ensure consistency of size and appearance. McDonalds cooks the patties in batches and place them in temperature controlled hot bins.Each bins holds one batch and a timer is placed per bin to regulate times match to OSHA standards (McDonalds, 2012). During peak times, a set step of burgers are prepared and prepackaged ahead of time and placed on a temperature regulated delivery rack. Whataburger hamburgers are never cooked until they are ordered. The burgers are made from 100% American beef that has never been frozen (Whataburger, 2012).. How are special orders handled? Since McDo nalds does prepare ahead of time, special orders are called over head as well as placed in the computerized order entryway system via the cash register.Special stickers are applied to the outside of the burger wrapping to identify special orders as items are placed in the delivery rack. At Whataburger, all orders are special orders. All customers are asked what they want on their burger when they order. Whataburger will take phone orders ahead of time for large groups (such as buses of students) and convey them ready when the group arrives. How are the hamburgers cooked? McDonalds hamburgers are frozen patties to ensure consistency of size and appearance (McDonalds, 2012). McDonalds cooks the patties in batches and place them in temperature controlled warmer bins.Each bin holds one batch and a timer is placed per bin to regulate times according to OSHA standards. During peak times, a set quantity of burgers are prepared and prepackaged ahead of time and placed on a temperature reg ulated delivery rack. Whataburger hamburgers are cooked on a grill top. While the burger is cooking, the bun is toasted alongside it on the grill. How are the hamburgers assembled? At McDonalds, patties are removed from the warmer bins and assembled according to direction per type of burger or per customer order.The vegetables are already cut up prior to assembly. The total time it takes to prepare a McDonalds hamburger, from the freezer to the customers hands, is about a second gear and a half (McDonalds, 2012). Whataburger burgers are never assembled ahead of time. All vegetables are purchased fresh and cut up often throughout all shifts. The cook places the affectionateness on the grilled bun and passes it to the assembler who adds the vegetables and quickly delivers the food to the server to carry to the table if it is a dine-in order. Is a microwave oven used in the process?McDonalds previously used a microwave to heat up cheese burgers, but that practice was discontinued abo ut three years ago. They do have a customized pie heater that is based on the microwave its designed specifically to heat the fried Cherry and Apple pies (McDonalds, 2012). Whataburger does not use a microwave in food preparation. How are other items such as French fries and topes handled? McDonalds cooks French fries in batches according to volume using an 80% guideline that states 80% of the customers will order a large size fry. McDonalds French fries take 2.5 minutes to cook, thus they have to move fast to maintain the output of fries to keep with the volume of hamburgers (McDonalds, 2012). The lobby fountain assimilate stations are self-service. The McDonalds drive through system is fast and efficient. As each drive through order is keyed, the automated drink dispenser drops the correct size transfuse into the holder and rotates it through the process of ice and then to the correct fountain drink and fills within one half inch to the lip of the cup. The finished drink slides to the side and the cashier places the tops.Whataburger serves fries that are cooked fresh in a quick fryer in small batches. The fries are never cooked in the same oil with fish or meat products. The soft drinks at Whataburger are self service inside. On to go orders at the window, the cashier fills the drink and places the lid on. State your opinion concerning the process effectiveness, efficiency, and measurements McDonalds basically serves a market concerned with speed of service and a lower price. As such, the brass section has developed some processes to turn out food in under three minutes.The value menu of items for one dollar is also a favourite item. McDonalds operates efficiently, but consumers generally frequent the place based on convenience and speed over quality. McDonalds measures success largely on the time it takes to deliver food orders. Quality does not seem to be the main concern. Whataburger strives to deliver large quality burgers and food items that are pr epared fresh when they are ordered. The service can be a bit slow, but the end product is an old fashioned burger made to order.The processes used are generally effective because the goal is different from the sheer speed desired by McDonalds. Suggestions for improvement McDonalds and Whataburger do a good job based on the audiences they serve. McDonalds succeeds because it can turn out inexpensive food quickly. One area that could improve is the automatic drink dispenser used for drive through service. Different flavors of drinks are dispensed through the same line. Some residual flavor from the previous drink shows up in the next one dispensed. Fruity drinks leave a strange taste in colas or lemon lime drinks particularly.Whataburger still treats every order like a special order and starts preparation repair(prenominal) after the order is placed. As a result, service may be too slow for hurried consumers. The chain could probably speed up service without compromising quality by adding staff at peak times. Conclusion Organizations of all kinds rely on operations supply chain management to obtain the needs of the consumer. An effective and efficient system of delivering raw materials and/or finished goods to the consumer is necessary in all industries to ensure that the business is successful.Whether the business is a sole proprietorship or a mega giant such as Walmart, it must utilize operations and supply chain management to remain profitable and turn over the goals of the organization.References Operations Management for Competitive Advantage (11th ed. ) Richard B. Chase, F. Robert Jacobs, and Nicholas J. AquilanoMcGraw-Hill, 2006 New York, NY McDonalds (2012). Company Information. Retrieved from http//www. mcdonalds. com/ Company Mission. (2012). Retrieved from http//www. aboutmcdonalds. com/mcd/our_company/mission_and_values. html Whataburger. (2012). Retrieved from http//www. whataburger. com.

Photography in Social Media Essay

In theory, affable networks groundwork be utilize to boost authorization and make a person feel closer to his or her peers in their social lives. Teenagers in this solar day and age no longer live in a world of handwritten notes passed back and forward in class. They are living social lives on a completely public forum. The youth of this contemporaries seduce the access to take a go steady of anything they wish and check the great power to be prevail the usher to any social networking site for the world to see. With engineering science advancing, it is becoming easier and easier to document life through technology and can be done as simply as a flick of the wrist. Photography has had a signifi flip impact on the social lives of todays youth.To understand this impact on the youth, wad have to look at the evolution of exposuregraphy. The history of impressiongraphy dates back to 1000 A.D., when a valet de chambre by the name of Alhazen invented the pinhole camera (Bel lis). Ever sine this marvelous invention, the art of photography has grown. When the ability of taking pictures was first introduced to the world, few people could afford it so in the beginning it wasnt very(prenominal) popular. Today, it is seldom heard of that a household does not own one or more cameras. The focal point technology has advanced over the years, most cell phones today even have cameras built in them. As a result of the growing popularity the physical camera advanced to meet the demands of its new effectuate references (Bellis). Social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook are guaranteed to have millions of visitors daily. With either of these visitors, advertisors have an excellent place to do what they do outflank advertise.They do this by selecting a photo that is appealing to a particular audience and providing a brief description on how that photo relates to their product or services and how the reader could utility from this. How the picture is disp layed is crucial to the overall benefit of the advertisement so it is imperitive that a good photographer is used in order to make sure the photo is as attractive as possible. Advertising is the best way for businesses to reach out to the youth in order to make a profit and give back the economy flowing as smoothly as it can. Although advertising through social media is not the yet way to do it, it is the most common and most effective (The Social Media Advertising Ecosystem Explained). Clearly picture advertisments are needed on socialnetworking sites to keep the sites funded while selling a product to keep the businesses funded.Photo redact is a crucial step in the creating of the final photograph. It is required that a photographer has basic k straightledge of photo editing if one wants to be successful. The most important part of a photo shoot is the work it involves after the photos have been shot Post processing photo editing has pay back the anthem for many professional photographers (What Is Photo modify?). To achieve above work standards, the photo editing professionals have to use the correct software. There are many different kinds of software that have been introduced for professional editor in chiefs. Photo editing gives people the ability of re-sizing and cropping their picture, changing the exposure and contrast of their picture, special make and many more features depending on the editing software. Photo editing is a beautiful process that can remove unwanted blemishes and any unwanted objects from digital photos (What Is Photo Editing?). A photo editor is in charge of what the final photograph go out look like. If the editors are successful, the photo entrust expect to be un-edited, but will display a beautiful flawless image. Photo editing is an innate part of photography. at one time the photos have been edited, it opens up many possibilitys on the web. There are eight-fold social networking sites that use photography and photo editing as their main purpose. Snapchat, Instgram, and Tumblr all include photography in social media. All of these social networking sites impact the social lives of todays youth. The drug substance abusers of these sites are allowed to judge the different users photos by virtually liking them or writing their own opinions on the photo by leaving a comment on it. This can be subliminally considered a social ranking to teens who are facial expression for positive attention. This is one way that Social Media impacts the lives of todays youth. A big impact on todays youth is snapchat.Snapchat is a new way to share moments with friends. Snapchat is a photo pass on application developed by Stanford University students. In addition to photos, a short video can be sent. Snap an ugly egotismie or a video, add a caption, and send it to a friend or maybe a few. They will receive it,laugh, and then the snap disappears forever. The captions in the videos and pictures can only be as long as the screen is wide. If a user would like to fit more textual matter on the screen, they would either tilt the device side ways so the text bar is longer, or bring out the words exploitation the draw tool on snapchat. The color of the pen can be changed. musical score users take a photo, send it to someone and ten-seconds later it has disappeared forever. No saving them, no forwarding them on. The app is knowing to capture a moment and share it in an impermanent way, like speech.The image might be a little grainy, and users may not look their best, but thats the point. Its round the moment, a connection between friends, and not just a pretty picture although in the newest udpate filters were added so now editing is even allowed on Snapchat. On average, about 20 million snapchats are sent a day. Snapchat has a big impact on the social lives of todays youth. There are multiple types of social networking sites that deal with photography and impact the social lives of todays you th significantly more(prenominal) as, Instagram. Many teens and adults postal service images to a social networking site called Instagram. Instagram is an online photo-sharing, video-sharing and social networking service that enables its users to take pictures and videos, apply digital filters to them, and share them on a variety of social networking services, such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr and Flickr. Many teens and adults post pictures to Instagram using simple editing tools such as filters to give their photos more of an artsy feel (Picture to Pedophile). Instagrammers post any photo they wish to display in the hopes of getting a multiple number of likes on that particular photo. It is almost like a social ranking in the teen social life.sometimes photos are of the places they have been, or the things that they desire, or the food that they are consuming, and sometimes of themselves. Pictures on Instagram of the account cleric are called selfies. The problem here is that t he photos are very publicly available and are assigned to their user account (Picture to Pedophile). With teens living their social lives on a completely public forum, parents need to inform their children about privacy settings and internet caoutchouc. Instagram greatly impacts the social lives of todays youth. Simply put, Tumblr is an image blogging site. With over 15 billion page views a month, Tumblr is a very addicting site to teens and youth in this day and age. Tumblr users post interesting photos, videos, and othermedia to their followers, who can then share it with their followers as well. Tumblr has played a signicant role in shaping an individuals identity and personality towards themselves and society via photo representation.The Tumblr environment has remarkably transformed the perspectives of adolescents own appearance and is one of the main subscribers for the desire of striplings to conform and stick to what is purportedly the norm of the status quo. Tumblrs hea vy emphasis on visual media, therefor, Tumblr is a photography base site that significantly impacts the social lives of todays youth.Seeing as these personal photos are being publically broadcasted across the cyber world, many dangers come into play. Catfishing is a form of identity theft in which an online user is not who they claim to be. They steal pictures and try to represent the displayed person in order to gain something. This has become such a big issue recently that producers at MTV have made a TV show about noticing the signs of a person claiming to be someone they are not. As soon as a picture is posted online, it can be stolen and used by anyone who can view it. Once a picture is online, it is no longer private, even if the owner is unaware somebody else is using it. Online safety is a big issue when it comes to personal photographs (Picture to Pediphile).As the prevalence of online social networking grows so do psychologists concerns aboutInternet communications and i ts overall effect on adolescent social development. For example, while positive feedback on a photo would most likely cause a boost in self esteem, a negative type of feedback would contrarily do the opposite and cause a decrease in self esteem. Although a self esteem boost seems like a good thing, it can also have a negative effect on a teenager. Too many compliments can all go straight to their ego and eventually it will be so big there will not be any room for their original personality. A harsh case of criticism will also end up with negative effects as well. Cyber bullying is a major contributor to depression in young social networkers. The publicity and freedom of judgment on these uploaded photos can have major effect on how a young person feels towards themselves and how they act. Thisis one of the most important ways that photography impacts the social lives of the youth.While social networking does indeed have an effect on the youth of today, the photography that is involv ed with social networking plays an even bigger role in how the youth is effected. What would Facebook be without profile pictures and photo albums and the critics who judge them in the comment section? Would there even be Instagram or Snapchat? How would a teenager get the much needed self-esteem boost from a friendly compliment on a recently uploaded photo? Photography in social media and its effect on the youth is much larger than what most people realize.Works CitedBellis, Mary. History of Photography and the Camera. About.com Inventors. About.com, 05 Mar. 2014. Web. 06 Apr. 2014.The Social Media Advertising Ecosystem Explained. Business Insider. N.p., 8 June 2013. Web. 6 Apr. 2014. .Munni, Rokaiya Y. What Is Photo Editing? Photo Editing and Photoshop Clipping Path Services What Is Photo Editing Comments. N.p., 1 Aug. 2012. Web. 06 Apr. 2014. .Birdsong, Toni. Picture to Pedophile The Danger of Instagram and Kik Messenger. McAfee Picture to Pedophile The Danger of Instagram and Ki k Messenger Comments. McAfee, 4 June 2013. Web. 06 Apr. 2014. .

Forward the Foundation Chapter 21

25Hari Seldon knocked gently with an old-fashivirtuosod code and Yugo Amaryl forecasted up. Hari, how nice of you to drop around.I should do it to a greater extent often. In the old days we were to transmither all told the time. in a flash there atomic number 18 hundreds of people to worry about-here, there, and everywhere-and they get between us. Have you comprehend the news?What news?The military junta is pass to set up a poll tax-a nice substantial one. It leave alone be announced on TrantorVision tomorrow. It result be just Trantor for now and the Outer Worlds result defy to wait. Thats a little disappointing. I had hoped it would be Empire-wide all at once, besides apparently I didnt give the frequent enough credit rating for caution.Amaryl say, Trantor will be enough. The Outer Worlds will know that their upset will follow in non too long a time.Now well set out to see what happens.What will happen is that the shouting will start the instant the announce le gislatest is out and the riots will begin, even in the lead the new tax goes into effect. are you sure of it?Amaryl put his Prime Radiant into action at once and expanded the appropriate section. descry for yourself, Hari. I dont see how that fuck be misinterpreted and thats the prediction under the particular circumstances that now exist. If it doesnt happen, it cerebrateing that everything weve worked out in psychohistory is wrong and I refuse to deal that.Ill try to have courage, utter Seldon, smiling. thusly How do you feel lately, Yugo?Well enough. Reasonably well. And how are you, by the way? Ive reckond rumors that youre thinking of re theatering. nonetheless Dors said something about that.Pay no attention to Dors. These days shes pronounceing all sorts of things. She has a frustrate in her head about some sort of danger permeating the Project.What kind of danger?Its develop non to ask. Shes just gone off on one of her tangents and, as always, that makes her unc ontrollable.Amaryl said, See the advantage I have in being single? Then, in a lower voice, If you do forfeit, Hari, what are your plans for the upcoming?Seldon said, Youll take over. What other plans can I possibly have?And Amaryl smiled.26In the small league room in the main building, Tamwile Elar listened to Dors Venabili with a gathering look of confusion and anger on his face. in conclusion he burst out, ImpossibleHe rubbed his chin, then went on cautiously, I dont mean to offend you, Dr. Venabili, moreover your suggestions are ridic-cannot be right. Theres no way in which allone can think that there are, in this Psychohistory Project, any feelings so deadly as to justify your suspicions. I would certainly know if there were and I correspond you there are not. Dont think it.I do think it, said Dors stubbornly, and I can permit evidence for it.Elar said, I dont know how to say this without offense, Dr. Venabili, but if a person is ingenious enough and absorbed enough o n proving something, he or she can find all the evidence he or she wants-or, at least, something he or she believes is evidence.Do you think Im paranoid?I think that in your disturb for the Maestro-something in which Im with you all the way-youre, shall we say, overheated.Dors pa utilise and considered Elars state ment. At least youre right that a person with sufficient ingenuity can find evidence anywhere. I can build a case against you, for instance.Elars eyeball widened as he stared at her in total astonishment. Against me? I would like to hear what case you can possibly have against me.Very well. You shall. The birthday party was your idea, wasnt it?Elar said, I thought of it, yes, but Im sure others did, too. With the Maestro moaning about his forward years, it seemed a natural way of cheering him up.Im sure others may have thought of it, but it was you who rattling pressed the issue and got my daughter-in-law fired up about it. She took over the details and you persuaded h er that it was possible to put together a really large celebration. Isnt that so?I dont know if I had any influence on her, but even if I did, whats wrong with that?In itself, nothing, but in setting up so large and widespread and prolonged a celebration, were we not advertising to the rather unstable and suspicious men of the junta that Hari was too popular and might be a danger to them?No one could possibly believe such(prenominal) a thing was in my mind.Dors said, I am merely pointing out the possibility. In planning the birthday celebration, you insisted that the central offices be cleared out-Temporarily. For obvious reasons.-and insisted that they remain totally unoccupied for a enchantment. No work was make-except by Yugo Amaryl-during that time.I didnt think it would hurt if the Maestro had some rest in advance of the party. Surely you cant complain about that.But it meant that you could confabulate with other people in the annul offices and do so in total privacy. The offices are, of course, well shielded.I did consult there-with your daughter-in-law, with caterers, suppliers, and other tradesmen. It was absolutely necessary, wouldnt you say?And if one of those you consulted with was a member of the junta?Elar looked as though Dors had hit him. I resent that, Dr. Venabili. What do you take me for?Dors did not answer directly. She said, You went on to talk to Dr. Seldon about his forthcoming meeting with the General and urged him-rather pressingly-to let you take his place and run the risks that might follow. The result was, of course, that Dr. Seldon insisted rather vehemently on seeing the General himself, which one can argue was precisely what you wanted him to do.Elar emitted a short nervous laugh. With all due(p) respect, this does sound like paranoia, Doctor.Dors pressed on. And then, after the party, it was you, wasnt it, who was the first to suggest that a group of us go to the Domes Edge Hotel?Yes and I remember you saying it was a unsp oiled idea.Might it not have been suggested in ordain to make the junta uneasy, as yet another example of Haris popularity? And might it not have been arranged to tempt me into invading the Palace grounds?Could I have stopped you? said Elar, his unbelief giving way to anger. You had made up your own mind about that.Dors paid no attention. And, of course, you hoped that by entering the Palace grounds I might make sufficient trouble to turn the junta even further against Hari.But why, Dr. Venabili? Why would I be doing this?One might say it was to get rid of Dr. Seldon and to succeed him as director of the Project.How can you possibly think this of me? I cant believe you are serious. Youre just doing what you said you would at the start of this exercise just showing me what can be done by an ingenious mind intent on finding so-called evidence.Lets turn to something else. I said that you were in a position to use the empty rooms for private conversations and that you may have been the re with a member of the junta.That is not even worth a denial.But you were overheard. A little daughter wandered into the room, curled up in a chair out of sight, and overheard your conversation.Elar frowned. What did she hear?She reported that devil men were talking about death. She was totally a child and could not repeat anything in detail, but two words did impress her and they were lemonade death. Now you seem to be changing from fantasy to-if youll excuse me -madness. What can lemonade death mean and what would it have to do with me?My first thought was to take it literally. The girl in question is very doting of lemonade and there was a good deal of it at the party, but no one had poisoned it.Thanks for granting saneness that much.Then I realized the girl had heard something else, which her imperfect command of the language and her love of the deglutition had perverted into lemonade.And have you invented a distortion? Elar snorted.It did seem to me for a while that what she might have heard was laymen-aided death.What does that mean?An assassination carried through with(predicate) by laymen-by nonmathematicians.Dors stopped and frowned. Her top clutched her chest.Elar said with sudden concern, Is something wrong, Dr. Venabili?No, said Dors, be to shake herself.For a few moments she said nothing further and Elar cleared his throat. There was no sign of amusement on his face any longer, as he said, Your comments, Dr. Venabili, are growing steadily more ridiculous and-well, I dont care if I do offend you, but I have large(p) tired of them. Shall we put an end to this?We are almost at an end, Dr. Elar. Layman-aided may indeed be ridiculous, as you say. I had decided that in my own mind, too. You are, in part, responsible for the development of the Electro-Clarifier, arent you?Elar seemed to stand straighter as he said with a touch of pride, Entirely responsible.Surely not entirely. I understand it was designed by Cinda Monay.A designer. She followe d my instructions.A layman. The Electro-Clarifier is a layman-aided device.With suppressed violence Elar said, I dont think I want to hear that phrase again. Once more, shall we put an end to this?Dors forged on, as if she hadnt heard his request. Though you give her no credit now, you gave Cinda credit to her face-to keep her on the job(p) eagerly, I suppose. She said you gave her credit and she was very grateful because of it. She said you even called the device by her do and yours, though thats not the official name.Of course not. Its the Electro-Clarifier.And she said she was conniving improvements, intensifiers, and so on-and that you had the prototype of an advanced version of the new device for testing.What has all this to do with anything?Since Dr. Seldon and Dr. Amaryl have been working with the Electro-Clarifier, both have in some ways deteriorated. Yugo, who works with it more, has also suffered more.The Electro-Clarifier can, in no way, do that kind of damage.Dors put her hand to her forehead and momentarily winced. She said, And now you have a more deep Electro-Clarifier that might do more damage, that might kill quickly, rather than slowly.Absolute nonsense.Now consider the name of the device, a name which, according to the woman who designed it, you are the only one to use. I put on you called it the Elar-Monay Clarifier.I dont ever recall using that phrase, said Elar uneasily.Surely you did. And the new intensified Elar-Monay Clarifies could he used to kill with no blame to be attached to anyone just a sad accident through a new and untried device. It would be the Elar-Monay death and a little girl heard it as lemonade death. Dorss hand groped at her side.Elar said softly, You are not well, Dr. Venabili.I am perfectly well. Am I not correct?Look, it doesnt matter what you can twist into lemonade. Who knows what the little girl may have heard? It all boils down to the deadliness of the Electro-Clarifier. Bring me into court or before a scie ntific investigating carte and let experts-as many as you like-check the effect of the Electro-Clarifier, even the new intensified one, on human beings. They will find it has no measurable effect.I dont believe that, muttered Venabili. Her hands were now at her forehead and her eyes were closed. She swayed slightly.Elar said, It is clear that you are not well, Dr. Venabili. Perhaps that means it is my turn to talk. May I?Dorss eyes clear and she simply stared.Ill take your silence for consent, Doctor. Of what use would it be for me to try to to get rid of Dr. Seldon and Dr. Amaryl in order to take my place as director? You would prevent any attempt I made at assassination, as you now think you are doing. In the unlikely case that I succeeded in such a project and was rid of the two great men, you would tear me to pieces afterward. Youre a very unusual woman-strong and fast-flying beyond belief-and while you are alive, the Maestro is safe.Yes, said Dors, glowering.I told this to t he men of the junta. Why should they not consult me on matters involving the Project? They are very interested in psychohistory, as well they ought to be. It was difficult for them to believe what I told them about you-until you made your foray into the Palace grounds. That convinced them, you can be sure, and they agreed with my plan.Aha. Now we come to it, Dors said weakly.I told you the Electro-Clarifier cannot harm human beings. It cannot. Amaryl and your precious Hari are just getting old, though you refuse to accept it. So what? They are fine-perfectly human. The electromagnetic field has no effect of any splendor on organic materials. Of course, it may have adverse effects on sensitive electromagnetic machinery and, if we could pretend a human being built of metal and electronics, it might have an effect on it. Legends branch us of such artificial human beings. The Mycogenians have based their religion on them and they call such beings robots. If there were such a thing as a robot, one would imagine it would be stronger and scurrying by far than an ordinary human being, that it would have properties, in fact, resembling those you have, Dr. Venabili. And such a robot could, indeed, be stopped, hurt, even destroyed by an intense Electro-Clarifier, such as the one that I have here, one that has been operating at low energy since we began our conversation. That is why you are feeling ill, Dr. Venabili-and for the first time in your existence, Im sure.Dors said nothing, merely stared at the man. Slowly she sank into a chair.Elar smiled and went on, Of course, with you taken care of, there will be no problem with the Maestro and with Amaryl. The Maestro, in fact, without you, may fade out at once and resign in grief, while Amaryl is merely a child in his mind. In all likelihood, neither will have to be killed. How does it feel, Dr. Venabili, to be unmasked after all these years? I must admit, you were very good at concealing your true nature. Its almost s urprising that no one else discovered the truth before now. But then, I am a brilliant mathematician-an observer, a thinker, a deducer. Even I would not have figured it out were it not for your fanatical devotion to the Maestro and the occasional bursts of superhuman fountain you seemed to summon at will-when he was threatened.Say good-bye, Dr. Venabili. All I have to do now is to turn the device to full power and you will be history.Dors seemed to collect herself and rose slowly from her seat, mumbling, I may be better shielded than you think. Then, with a grunt, she threw herself at Elar.Elar, his eyes widening, shrieked and reeled back.Then Dors was on him, her hand flashing. Its side struck Elars neck, smashing the vertebrae and shattering the nerve cord. He fell dead on the floor.Dors straightened with an essay and staggered toward the door. She had to find Hari. He had to know what had happened.27Hari Seldon rose from his seat in horror. He had never seen Dors look so, her f ace twisted, her body canted, staggering as though she were drunk.Dors What happened Whats wrongHe ran to her and grasped her around the waist, even as her body gave way and collapsed in his arms. He lifted her (she weighed more than am ordinary woman her surface would have, but Seldon was unaware of that at ** the moment) and placed her on the couch.What happened? he said.She told him, gasping, her voice breaking now and then, while he cradled her head and tried to force himself to believe what was happening.Elar is dead, she said. I finally killed a human being. original time. Makes it worse.How badly are you damaged, Dors?Badly. Elar turned on his device-full-when I rushed him.You can be readjusted.How? Theres no one-on Trantor-who knows how. I need Daneel.Daneel. Demerzel. Somehow, deep inside, Hari had always known. His friend-a robot-had provided him with a protector-a robot-to ensure that psychohistory and the seeds of the Foundations were given a chance to take root. The o nly problem was, Hari had fallen in love with his protector-a robot. It all made sense now. All the nagging doubts and the questions could be answered. And somehow, it didnt matter one bit. All that mattered was Dors.We cant let this happen.It must. Dorss eyes fluttered open and looked at Seldon. Must. Tried to save you, but missed-vital point-who will protect you now?Seldon couldnt see her clearly. There was something wrong with his eyes. Dont worry about me, Dors. Its you-Its you-No. You, Hari. recount Manella-Manella-I forgive her now. She did better than I. Explain to Wanda. You and Raych-take care of each other.No no no, said Seldon, rocking back and forth. You cant do this. Hang on, Dors. Please. Please, my love.Dorss head shook feebly and she smiled even more feebly. Goodbye, Hari, my love. Remember always-all you did for me.I did nothing for you.You love me and your love made me-human.Her eyes remained open, but Dors had ceased functioning.Yugo Amaryl came storming into Sel dons office. Hari, the riots are beginning, sooner and harder even than exp-And then he stared at Seldon and Dors and whispered, What happened?Seldon looked up at him in agony. Riots What do I care about riots now? What do I care about anything now?

Should music file servers on the Internet should be shut down?

This appellative is altogether about persuasive writing, putting a controversial subject in matter and weighing up all the different viewpoints so I can make a final final result on the matter.I am discharge to write about the controversial matter of Napster and any new(prenominal) file sharing programs used over the net profit to swap music between computers. People bear down songs over the Internet to other plurality who can hear them for free once downloaded whenever they like with the remembering artist and e genuinely other benefactor of record sales losing out.Should music file servers on the Internet should be shut down?IntroductionWithin the sound decade computers shake up become very important to our lives and home computers, PCs, view become commonplace in most households. The internet has also been going from strength to strength, millions upon millions of people all round the world log on everyday to search for information, propagate e-mails, talk to people in different countries and a whole lot more. But within the last 3 or 4 years, file servers such as Napster, WinMX and Morpheus to name a few get hold of sprung up allowing people to download their favourite songs straight to their computer without having to pay a penny. Record companies have been unhappy with this and be seeking legal action at the moment, while many people are rejoicing at the concept of free music. What Im seek to do in this assignment is consider all the views and arguments of both sides and write down my viewpoints on the matter.The downfall of the record industry?Record companies and artists have been in legal battles recently with file sharing servers such as Napster over the past year or two. They feel that these file sharing servers are illegal and should be shut down, firstly because these are copies of their albums and single which are being spread about all over the Internet, which is piracy therefore illegal. Secondly people downloading these files arent paying for these songs, so they are not supporting the music business which is having to manufacture and spend millions on making these records. Thirdly they feel that the increasing number of people using these servers will result in the downfall of the music industry altogether.The record companies just want to make sure that they will have a future, the same with artists but by the looks of it even artists losing their recording contracts wont hurt their futures much as the trend of singers and musicians moving into other celebrity occupations is on the rise such as tv bestower and so on. The record business sees this as a major threat to them, even more than radio, which could be taped off but never had such an impact such as the Internet. They are trying their hardest legally to shut down the music file servers. I dont really believe why the record companies are taking it so far, I dont see them losing out so much anyway because it is a billion dollar business after all. Maybe they should just hope it fades away after a while which I think it will do.Money, Money, MoneyMany people disagree with the record companies when they take its the downfall of the music industry because they feel that

Marketing Micro and Macro Environmental Factors Essay

Macro and micro environments both fall into the categories of environmental s arsening. The general scope of environmental scanning is that it is a component of global environmental analysis. While analyses argon typically carried out on the macro environment, the micro environment still has an important role to play. In summary, the macro environment is touch with the industries, companies, grocerys, clients and competitors, while the micro environment can be represented by the suppliers, competitors and customers.Macro purlieuThese are the major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organizations decision making, and affect its performance and st browsegies.The macro environment is typically segmented for the reasons of analysis. This analysis, commonly referred to as a PESTLE analysis, allows researchers to look at the important six environmental factors that affect a argumentation. These factors are political, stintingal, technological, environmental, legal a nd social. Each of these factors indirectly affects the company still the company cannot control them. Instead the company is required to adapt to these factors in the most efficient focus possible. The results of this analysis allow the company to see where their strengths are when adapting to the macro environment and where they could improve on their methods.1. sparing EnvironmentEconomic environment of parentage has reference to the board characteristics of the stinting governance in which the occupation operates. The business sector has economic relation with the government, capital market household sector and global sector. These sectors unitedly influence the trends and structure of the economy. The form and accountabilitying of the economy vary widely. The important external factors that affect the economic environment of a business are (i)Economic Conditions The general Economic conditions prevailing in the country viz. national income, per capita income, economic resources, distribution of income and assets, economic development and so forth are important determinants of the business strategies. commercial enterprise cycles and economic harvest-time of the economy are important factors defining the economic environment. (ii)The economic system operate in the country also affects the business enterprise to a very great extent. The economic system of a country may be capitalist, socialist, communist or goed.(iii)Economic Policies The government dissolves the economic environment of business through Budges, Industrial regulations, Economic planning, Import and Export regulations, Business laws, Industrial policy, Control on prices and wages, clientele and transport policies, the size of the national Income, Demand & supply of various goods etc. (iv)Economic Growth The stage of economic growth of the economy has direct bear upon on the business strategies. Increased economic growth rate and increase in consumption expenditure, lower t he general stuff within an industry and wisecracks more opportunities accordingly threats.(v)The rate of interest affects the demand for the harvest-homes in the economy, particularly when general goods are to be purchased through borrowed finance. start interest rated provides opportunities to the industries to expand whereas rising interest rates pose a threat to these institutions. (vi)Currency Exchange up-to-date exchange rates ache direct w pungency on the business environment. When the rupee was devalued in 1991, it was to make Indian products cheaper in the world market and consequently boost Indias exports.2. Political and political EnvironmentPolitical environment refers to the influence exerted by the three political institutions they are Legislature, Executive, Judiciary etc. The legislature decides on a particular course of action. Government is the executive and its job is to implement some(prenominal) was decided by parliament. The judiciary has ensure that both the legislature and executive function in normal interest and within the boundaries of constitution. Legal and political environment provides a framework within the business is to function and its existence depends on the success with which it can face the various challenges constructed out of political and legal framework.3. Socio-cultural EnvironmentChanges in social trends can impact on the demand for a firms products and the availability and departingness of individuals to work. Social class and caste of a person goes a long direction in deciding the business activities in relation to its production and marketing activities. Tradition, customs and social attitudes have changed the attitude and beliefs of the persons which have their effect on organizational environment. Class and caste are influencing the purchasing pattern. Socio-cultural environment may admit expectations of the society from business, attitudes of society towards business and its swayment, views tow ards achievement of work, views towards structure, responsibility and organizational positions, views towards customs, traditional and conventional, class structure and churn mobility and level of education.4. Natural EnvironmentEnvironmental factors let in the weather and climate change. Changes in temperature can impact on many industries including farming, tourism and insurance. With major climate changes occurring due to global warming and with greater environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a significant issue for firms to consider. The growing desire to shelter the environment is having an impact on many industries such as the travel and transportation industries for example, more taxes existence placed on air travel and the success of hybrid cars, and the general move towards more environmentally friendly products and processes is affecting demand patterns and creating business opportunities.5. Demographic EnvironmentDemographic factor include Size, growth rate, age composition, sex composition etc. of population, Family size, Economic stratification of population, Educational level, Caste, religion etc. each these demographic factors are relevant to business. These factors affect the demand for goods and operate. High population growth rate indicates an commodious increase in labor supply. Population with varied tastes, preferences, beliefs, temperaments etc. gives rise to differing demand pattern and calls for diverse marketing strategies.6. Technological EnvironmentIn order to survive in todays competitory world, a business has to adopt technological changes from time to time. New technologies create vernal products and new processes. applied science can reduce costs, improve quality and lead to innovation. These developments can benefit consumers as well as the organizations providing the products. MP3 players, computer games, online gambling and high definition TVs are all new markets created by technological advances. On line shopping, stripes coding and computer aided design are all improvements to the way we do business as a result of better technology.7. International EnvironmentAnother environmental factor which is fast emergent as the force to reckon with is the international environment. Implications of global or international environment are (i)Due to liberalization, Indian companies are forced to view business issues from the global perspective. (ii)Safe and protected markets are no longer there. populace is becoming small in size due to advanced means of transport and communication facilities. (iii)Learning of international languages is must for every business bedr. (iv)Acquiring familiarity with foreign currencies is also must. (v)Facing political and legal uncertainties is inevitable. small EnvironmentMicro environmental factors are internal factors close to a business that have a direct impact on its strategy. . Within the micro environment it is important that the layout of the phy sical infrastructure is focused on competitiveness.These factors includeCustomersOrganizations survive on the basis of meeting customer needs and wants and providing benefits for their customers. Failure to do so will result in a failed business strategy. As all businesses need customers, they should be customer oriented.EmployeesEmploying the check round and keeping staff motivated is an essential part of an organizations strategic planning process. Training and development play a critical role in achieving a competitive edge especially in service sector marketing. This is clearly apparent in the airline industry, where customer services is crucial in obtaining a competitive edge. Employing staff with relevant skills and experience is essential. This process begins at enlisting stage and continues throughout an employees employment via ongoing training and promotion opportunities. If a business employs staff without motivation, skills or experience it will affect customer service and ultimately sales.SuppliersSuppliers provide businesses with the materials they need to mail out their business activities. A suppliers behavior will directly impact the business it supplies. For example if a supplier provides a poor service this could increase timescales or lower product quality. An increase in raw material prices will affect an organizations marketing mix strategy and may even force price increases. Close supplier relationships are an effective way to remain competitive and secure quality products.ShareholdersAs organisations require inward investment to grow, they may decide to move from private to public ownership and list on the stock market. The introduction of public shareholders brings new pressures as public shareholders want a return from the money they have invested in the company. Shareholder pressure to increase profits will affect organisational strategy. Relationships with shareholders need to be managed carefully as rapid compact term increases in profit could detrimentally affect the long term success of the business.MediaPositive media worry can make an organisation or its products and ostracise media attention can break an organisation. Organisations need to manage the media so that the media help promote the positive things about the organisation and reduce the impact of a negative event on their reputation. virtually organisations will even employ public relations (PR) consultants to help them manage a particular event or incident. Consumer television system programs with a wide and more direct earreach can also have a very powerful impact on the success of an organisation. Some businesses recognise this and will change their reaction when consumers mention that they are going to contact a consumer television programme or the newspapers about the business. rivalrysThe name of the game in marketing is differentiation. Can the organisation offer benefits that are better than those offered by competitors? Does the business have a unique selling point (USP)? Competitor analysis and monitoring is crucial if an organisation is to maintain or improve its position within the market. If a business is unaware of its competitors activities they will find it very difficult to beat their competitors. The market can move very quickly for example through a change in calling conditions, consumer behavior or technological developments. As a business it is important to examine competitors responses to these changes so that you can maximise the impact of your response